Vulnerabilidad a los problemas de salud mental: Percepción de las mujeres embarazadas y de sus maridos en Surakarta, Indonesia / Vulnerable to mental health problems: Pregnant women and husband's perception in Surakarta, Indonesia

Objetivo: Este estudio tiene como objetivo explorar la percepción de las mujeres y sus maridos sobre la vulnerabilidad de las mujeres embarazadas a los trastornos de salud mental. Método: Estudio cualitativo con enfoque fenomenológico. Los criterios de inclusión fueron mujeres embarazadas en el segundo y tercer trimestre de gestación (13-35 semanas). Los criterios de exclusión fueron las embarazadas con complicaciones y las que tenían antecedentes familiares de trastornos mentales. Los datos se recogieron mediante grupos de discusión y entrevistas en profundidad en cuatro centros de atención primaria de Surakarta (Indonesia). A continuación, los datos se analizaron mediante un análisis temático, con el apoyo del programa OpenCode 4.02®. Resultados: Este estudio descubrió dos temas principales: en primer lugar, los factores que desencadenan la vulnerabilidad de las mujeres embarazadas a experimentar trastornos mentales y, en segundo lugar, las barreras percibidas para gestionar la salud mental durante el embarazo y el posparto. Las mujeres embarazadas y los maridos reconocen que necesitan obtener información sobre salud mental. Conclusión: Las emociones inestables durante el embarazo son consideradas normales y son desatendidas por el entorno. El desconocimiento sobre salud mental en el embarazo justifica la necesidad de aumentar la educación en esta área con el fin de prevenir la depresión prenatal y posparto.(AU)

Objective: This study aims to explore the perception of women and their husbands on the vulnerability of pregnant women to mental health disorders. Method: Qualitative study using a phenomenological approach. The inclusion criteria were pregnant women of the second and third-trimester gestation (13–35 weeks). The exclusion criteria were pregnant women with complications and who had a family record of mental disorders. Data was collected using focus group discussion and in-depth interviews at four Primary Health Cares in Surakarta, Indonesia. Then, the data were analyzed through thematic analysis, which was supported by the OpenCode 4.02® software. Results: This study uncovered two main topics, firstly the factors that trigger the vulnerability of pregnant women to experience mental disorders and secondly perceived barriers to managing mental health during pregnancy and postpartum. Pregnant women and husbands recognize that they need to get mental health information. Conclusion: Unstable emotions during pregnancy are considered normal and neglected by their surroundings. Lack of knowledge about mental health in pregnancy justifies the need to increase education in this area in order to prevent prenatal and postpartum depression.(AU)

Preparing Short Message Service Reminders to Improve Treatment Adherence among Tuberculosis Patients in Sleman District, Indonesia.

BACKGROUND: Modern tuberculosis (TB) treatment approaches require innovative adherence strategies. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to explore the feasibility of using short message service (SMS) reminders through mobile phones to improve treatment adherence among TB patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: An exploratory sequential design was applied; initially, qualitative data collection was conducted among TB patients and TB program officers. A content analysis was done and messages were then developed. The messages were pretested using focus group discussions (FGDs), and a quantitative method using quasi-experiment on 120 TB patients. All the patients received a standard directly observed therapy short reminder, but only intervention group received daily SMS reminders (n = 60), the data were then analyzed using logistic regression. RESULTS: Reminder messages can be sent directly to young TB patients or indirectly to the relatives of elderly patients. There are four phases of emotional states, which TB patients go through during treatment starting with disappointment and desperation after being diagnosed, grievance during the initiation of treatment, high and then low desire to follow treatment. Reminder messages aimed at improving treatment adherence should correspond to those conditions and motivate, inform, and facilitate TB patients to overcome all the obstacles during treatment. SMS reminders should also be short, informal, and easy to understand. Treatment adherence was significantly higher among the intervention group compared to the control group (odds ratio = 10.73) after controlling for demographics, accessibility, and adverse drug reaction. CONCLUSIONS: SMS through mobile phone is a feasible form of media to remind TB patients and to improve adherence to treatment in low-resource facilities.

A community intervention for behaviour modification: an experience to control cardiovascular diseases in Yogyakarta, Indonesia.

BACKGROUND: Non-communicable Disease (NCD) is increasingly burdening developing countries including Indonesia. However only a few intervention studies on NCD control in developing countries are reported. This study aims to report experiences from the development of a community-based pilot intervention to prevent cardiovascular disease (CVD), as initial part of a future extended PRORIVA program (Program to Reduce Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in Yogyakarta, Indonesia) in an urban area within Jogjakarta, Indonesia. METHODS: The study is quasi-experimental and based on a mixed design involving both quantitative and qualitative methods. Four communities were selected as intervention areas and one community was selected as a referent area. A community-empowerment approach was utilized to motivate community to develop health promotion activities. Data on knowledge and attitudes with regard to CVD risk factors, smoking, physical inactivity, and fruit and vegetable were collected using the WHO STEPwise questionnaire. 980 people in the intervention areas and 151 people in the referent area participated in the pre-test. In the post-test 883 respondents were re-measured from the intervention areas and 144 respondents from the referent area. The qualitative data were collected using written meeting records (80), facilitator reports (5), free-listing (112) and in-depth interviews (4). Those data were analysed to contribute a deeper understanding of how the population perceived the intervention. RESULTS: Frequency and participation rates of activities were higher in the low socioeconomic status (SES) communities than in the high SES communities (40 and 13 activities respectively). The proportion of having high knowledge increased significantly from 56% to 70% among men in the intervention communities. The qualitative study shows that respondents thought PRORIVA improved their awareness of CVD and encouraged them to experiment healthier behaviours. PRORIVA was perceived as a useful program and was expected for the continuation. Citizens of low SES communities thought PRORIVA was a "cheerful" program. CONCLUSION: A community-empowerment approach can encourage community participation which in turn may improve the citizen's knowledge of the danger impact of CVD. Thus, a bottom-up approach may improve citizens' acceptance of a program, and be a feasible way to prevent and control CVD in urban communities within a low income country.